{"id":"W2078850582","doi":"10.1007/s10551-012-1526-9","title":"Positive and Negative Corporate Social Responsibility, Financial Leverage, and Idiosyncratic Risk","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Business Ethics","topic":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":408,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Corporate social responsibility; Leverage (statistics); Systematic risk; Business; Business ethics; Quality of Life Research; Business risks; Affect (linguistics); Accounting; Finance; Economics; Public relations; Risk analysis (engineering); Political science; Management","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.008487304,0.0002551066,0.0005648708,0.0003188857,0.0007631928,0.0003411535,0.0001344605,0.0003212563,0.00001721041],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02902513,0.0002290718,0.0001046328,0.0009396199,0.0004586976,0.002468261,0.0002888314,0.001275763,0.00000599343],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00008964024,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005684437,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002901193,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001768288,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975398,0.0003033426,0.0009073405,0.0002270576,0.0006511681,0.0003713545],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9921946,0.001336723,0.003567155,0.000136811,0.002709408,0.00005528521],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00603566,0.0007830831,0.8325884,0.001614918,0.0003596211,0.0004500565,0.0194536,0.00009929652,0.005503851,0.04839716,0.001330045,0.08338434],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007844525,0.00002770676,0.9405879,0.0001320981,0.0002425267,0.00008662112,0.000770006,0.0001598693,0.0000931538,0.05571427,0.001117839,0.0002835567],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932452,0.0003522928,0.0009161735,0.004158371,0.0006345352,0.0002117335,0.000007163741,0.00002194515,0.0004526167],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9957465,0.0001463574,0.0005626634,0.000959835,0.002489153,0.000001762419,0.000002286183,0.00002951487,0.00006191254],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1079995,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9791538,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08900610873368034,"score_gpt":0.2975712711862376,"score_spread":0.2085651624525573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}