{"id":"W2079700439","doi":"10.1002/we.271","title":"Numerical study of fully developed turbulent flow within and above a dense forest","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Wind Energy","topic":"Aeolian processes and effects","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Nordic Life Science Pipeline (Canada)","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Turbulence; Environmental science; Roughness length; Boundary value problem; Computational fluid dynamics; Drag coefficient; Planetary boundary layer; Mechanics; Meteorology; Drag; Wind speed; Boundary (topology); Fluent; Atmospheric sciences; Mathematics; Physics; Wind profile power law; Mathematical analysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00007250768,0.0001102145,0.0001748917,0.00003969645,0.0001075802,0.00001139583,0.00009456453,0.0000438519,0.000121526],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002186176,0.00008235369,0.00001892922,0.0001690003,0.00005521875,0.00008427685,0.000009831329,0.00005453837,0.00001329929],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000001754095,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00005729978,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005021142,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002597954,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992326,0.00003835483,0.0001697811,0.0001944157,0.0001847879,0.0001800147],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996401,0.00005028547,0.00005866581,0.0001036492,0.00003173825,0.0001155277],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000264582,0.0001655917,0.5896526,0.00005003393,0.00006495515,0.0004272838,0.007073727,0.3879577,0.000008314935,0.00003874465,0.000854394,0.01344214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009030742,0.001126605,0.7902461,0.00002224739,0.00001951618,0.0002969036,0.0005705548,0.2044026,0.0001114647,0.0002164836,0.001834097,0.0002503462],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9985936,0.0003894986,0.0002161916,0.00005091567,0.00008222989,0.00005929896,0.000003304934,0.00001557713,0.0005893986],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9989679,0.00004274916,0.0005231206,0.0001838907,0.00006208241,8.595975e-7,0.00001176836,0.000003608944,0.000204034],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2005935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7590498,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01416691921658597,"score_gpt":0.1980310670780859,"score_spread":0.1838641478614999,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}