{"id":"W2079700439","doi":"10.1002/we.271","title":"Numerical study of fully developed turbulent flow within and above a dense forest","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Wind Energy","topic":"Aeolian processes and effects","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"École de Technologie Supérieure; Nordic Life Science Pipeline (Canada)","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Turbulence; Environmental science; Roughness length; Boundary value problem; Computational fluid dynamics; Drag coefficient; Planetary boundary layer; Mechanics; Meteorology; Drag; Wind speed; Boundary (topology); Fluent; Atmospheric sciences; Mathematics; Physics; Wind profile power law; Mathematical analysis","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004408579,0.0004858368,0.0007248219,0.0006183641,0.0008460233,0.0009327146,0.0006178878,0.001120606,0.0006467874],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001163504,0.0003393274,0.0005346179,0.0005047948,0.001128761,0.0005563359,0.0006733682,0.0005029817,0.00008304739],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009325511,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001041286,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02726918,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01154244,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998034,0.00003467943,0.00001377202,0.0000347916,0.00004592369,0.00006742303],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994326,0.0002601384,0.00007215226,0.00003206813,0.00007965571,0.0001232678],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002294664,0.0001588179,0.005503886,0.00004565785,0.00002752031,0.0003492451,0.0001005082,0.9831429,0.006519707,0.001185324,0.0001305768,0.002606287],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000034312,0.00006503033,0.001895167,0.000005557272,0.000005854929,0.00001721322,0.0000339969,0.9968585,0.0008790145,0.0001349524,0.00006008033,0.00001020396],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9912595,0.00008417484,0.006587088,0.00005836262,0.00001852274,0.00003117322,0.00009446934,0.00007848733,0.001788244],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9971005,0.0000285202,0.002377425,0.000008182902,0.000004989169,0.00001317455,0.00007311462,0.000005290236,0.0003887692],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02726918,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05422091,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01416691921658597,"score_gpt":0.1980310670780859,"score_spread":0.1838641478614999,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}