{"id":"W2079713723","doi":"10.1644/11-mamm-a-033.1","title":"The origin of recently established red fox populations in the United States: translocations or natural range expansions?","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Mammalogy","topic":"Wildlife Ecology and Conservation","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":68,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Pacific Northwest Research Station; Burke Museum, University of Washington; Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service; U.S. Forest Service; Norges Miljø- og Biovitenskapelige Universitet; University of Washington; University of California, Davis; Oregon State University; U.S. Department of Agriculture","keywords":"Vulpes; Range (aeronautics); Geography; Ecology; Introduced species; Boreal; Biology; Archaeology; Predation","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00121193,0.00006636395,0.0001170694,0.00008312723,0.0001811028,0.00001132418,0.0002791348,0.00005741088,0.0002708902],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002909647,0.00003448322,0.00004716813,0.0005704841,0.0001724193,0.0003397238,0.00001722109,0.0002581221,0.000009103966],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006380198,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003198798,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002761854,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002495039,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987262,0.0004053576,0.0004357769,0.00005459227,0.0001847962,0.0001932073],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990028,0.0005121115,0.0002655011,0.0001468107,0.00003864381,0.00003409616],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002800767,0.0001942869,0.9812343,0.000003151135,0.00001734345,0.000005182789,0.003295195,0.001509544,0.000225393,0.001173262,0.009956657,0.00210568],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004658192,0.00007247379,0.9686434,0.000009240523,0.00002612084,0.00006806322,0.001112221,0.0003557904,0.0000144621,0.0009527705,0.02823411,0.00004555304],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9821897,0.0001504004,0.0002603382,0.01665412,0.0004389161,0.0001375179,0.00000232715,0.000003077621,0.0001636135],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9984188,0.0001391101,0.0004693517,0.000734666,0.00004743227,0.0000076567,0.00001109443,0.00000448689,0.0001674195],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01827746,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2966058,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04837385501995124,"score_gpt":0.2947037298863739,"score_spread":0.2463298748664227,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}