{"id":"W2080301725","doi":"10.2307/3552390","title":"Increasing Male Earnings Inequality in Canada and the United States, 1981-1997: The Role of Hours Changes versus Wage Changes","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Public Policy","topic":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":17,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Earnings; Wage inequality; Economics; Demographic economics; Wage; Inequality; Labour economics; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001901188,0.0001630303,0.0003383013,0.0005423801,0.0001830031,0.0001056288,0.0003936731,0.00007438452,0.00004655009],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001135457,0.0001324395,0.00003184593,0.001076257,0.0002134602,0.00009336401,0.00008254255,0.0002448347,0.000002153158],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001502153,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002303002,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9998518,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9998472,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985839,0.0001394782,0.0003574688,0.0002539131,0.00006535731,0.0005999221],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986656,0.0002793094,0.0002924615,0.000403238,0.00005515556,0.0003041779],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005545335,0.00001124421,0.2477408,0.00001749684,0.00005285379,0.000007965287,0.001673779,0.00007640311,0.000001076586,0.746985,0.0000610183,0.003316889],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005430559,0.00007714381,0.6789083,0.0000506644,0.00001579861,0.00002161979,0.00366928,0.002415093,0.00001507862,0.08270557,0.2259872,0.0007037059],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9511022,0.000732819,0.000003803798,0.04368387,0.0001168761,0.0002061532,0.001655388,0.000007004674,0.002491907],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961819,0.0005688802,0.00001295186,0.002923665,0.00009599084,0.00002482498,0.0001239366,0.00001996221,0.00004788644],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6642795,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5400724,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02147705519157882,"score_gpt":0.2101007316366305,"score_spread":0.1886236764450517,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}