{"id":"W2080378871","doi":"10.1063/1.1790493","title":"Starting vortex dipoles in a viscous fluid: Asymptotic theory, numerical simulations, and laboratory experiments","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Turbulent Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":41,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"","keywords":"Physics; Vortex; Vorticity; Mechanics; Classical mechanics; Vortex ring; Vorticity equation; Translational motion; Vortex stretching; Rotational symmetry; Burgers vortex; Dipole; Viscous liquid","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008721284,0.0001516456,0.0002070093,0.00005783637,0.00003229725,0.00002077628,0.00008597263,0.00004493865,0.00000740085],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001838572,0.0001605682,0.00003417337,0.000200663,0.00004493022,0.0001594106,0.00003738006,0.00009782055,0.000004846042],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006088788,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002361807,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000024561,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002591812,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992141,0.00001979788,0.0002609786,0.0001532953,0.0001469094,0.0002049444],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996574,0.00005240784,0.00002233755,0.000181457,0.00003047954,0.00005595073],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001264624,0.000147542,0.002918439,0.00007127339,0.00005224839,0.000005146983,0.001240589,0.8197253,0.1394497,0.03469485,0.00001170475,0.001670526],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001031708,0.00006256044,0.002995035,0.0001010721,0.00002156451,3.675699e-7,0.0000677749,0.9349627,0.01884669,0.04157336,0.00002958769,0.0003075483],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9810728,0.001330829,0.01710173,0.00001941748,0.00008654022,0.0001175631,0.00002932519,0.00007029298,0.0001715504],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987276,0.00004369613,0.001088485,0.00003142889,0.00005351253,0.000007772946,0.00001013817,0.00003423327,0.000003121689],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.120603,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6547781,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006770500094782458,"score_gpt":0.2274518820970879,"score_spread":0.2206813820023055,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}