{"id":"W2080717112","doi":"10.1123/jsm.2014-0179","title":"Victims or Beneficiaries?: Wage Premia and National Origin in the National Hockey League","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Sport Management","topic":"Transport and Economic Policies","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"League; Earnings; Salary; Productivity; Wage; Sample (material); Demographic economics; Economics; Labour economics; Finance; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001488575,0.0001254699,0.0001911777,0.0003957966,0.00007043865,0.0001899768,0.0002768371,0.00003643616,0.00007474081],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001571658,0.00008354434,0.00005377691,0.0002513725,0.00003250954,0.0009847352,0.00005457334,0.0001442542,0.00003289165],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001082385,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006004797,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001396402,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0004254631,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986498,0.000001967584,0.0004875442,0.000116714,0.0005659271,0.0001779885],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999367,0.00001253503,0.0003525795,0.00006220432,0.000187244,0.00001843791],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007742532,0.0004817582,0.4803909,0.0002412192,0.0002976152,0.0003677566,0.001504504,0.009678951,0.000005467903,0.3912434,0.110625,0.004389126],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001178752,0.00001815031,0.3683981,0.00004921305,0.00005139927,0.0000270247,0.001292407,0.0006086103,0.000001371237,0.007557965,0.6206744,0.0001425836],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9297698,0.00008522393,0.00002940487,0.003117161,0.0003599009,0.0001806083,0.000002155084,0.00001322817,0.0664425],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9954655,0.00005004156,0.0002151247,0.002632233,0.001090316,0.000006502081,0.000009686125,0.00001042406,0.0005202361],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5100494,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3406839,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04801860767466586,"score_gpt":0.2570817790232436,"score_spread":0.2090631713485778,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}