{"id":"W2080902282","doi":"10.3141/2040-01","title":"Early Contractor Involvement and Target Pricing in U.S. and UK Highways","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board","topic":"Underground infrastructure and sustainability","field":"Engineering","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"General partnership; Procurement; Agency (philosophy); Business; Delegation; Integrated project delivery; Payment; Process (computing); Project management; Finance; Marketing; Economics; Management","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01703151,0.0002168275,0.0002811433,0.002864681,0.004777233,0.005893703,0.001015261,0.001813019,0.00611463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.06828493,0.0005850443,0.0002619934,0.004410249,0.004023116,0.003615967,0.004729724,0.00254897,0.000537229],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0167219,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0162597,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.2192005,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.2714383,"domain_scores_codex":[0.963197,0.01431518,0.002016603,0.002206326,0.01225411,0.006010753],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9124137,0.04153974,0.01071797,0.003178996,0.02471948,0.007430068],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008154727,0.001165646,0.4761679,0.0003101312,0.00004635343,0.00151475,0.2106466,0.002202996,0.00147021,0.08522697,0.01983625,0.2005968],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000414714,0.000516391,0.7633865,0.0004181556,0.00002274256,0.0004642838,0.1111877,0.001593757,0.001279997,0.002455009,0.1184951,0.0001388659],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9400129,0.001007482,0.001682413,0.004286936,0.00008771697,0.0001408629,0.0001685375,0.00002726701,0.05258596],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.986138,0.0004815614,0.0004607283,0.0003315132,0.00001134138,0.00005770574,0.00009294597,0.00001974026,0.01240643],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2192005,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4358492,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02934307277429916,"score_gpt":0.3106026536938923,"score_spread":0.2812595809195931,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}