{"id":"W2080980913","doi":"10.1007/s11229-009-9503-2","title":"Scientific models and fictional objects","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Synthese","topic":"Philosophy and History of Science","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":95,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Carleton University","funders":"","keywords":"Scientific modelling; Philosophy of science; Philosophy of language; Metaphysics; Epistemology; Basis (linear algebra); Philosophy; Computer science; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002954062,0.0006932982,0.0005356884,0.003895163,0.003204428,0.008077763,0.001188927,0.003249619,0.0159832],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00812693,0.0004006082,0.000323509,0.003517176,0.02462622,0.01053073,0.002018246,0.003402591,0.001159324],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.005533375,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001877506,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001582997,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001916496,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980034,0.001450017,0.00005944364,0.0001665644,0.0002387298,0.00008167813],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9927459,0.005442507,0.00035711,0.0009363345,0.000370346,0.0001477572],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[9.770268e-7,0.000001565731,0.000008313175,0.00001017858,7.177899e-7,0.000004294009,0.0004578602,0.00005349067,0.000006227961,0.9984288,0.0005396276,0.0004879803],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000003483491,0.000002306033,0.00003179558,0.00003836969,0.000002330119,0.00002007634,0.0005391061,0.0002343982,0.00005573134,0.9609195,0.03815084,0.000002102843],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.020104,0.01591992,0.04789602,0.03937456,0.001338369,0.00004306726,0.0003405699,0.0002020483,0.8747814],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9320542,0.0068146,0.01241037,0.001758001,0.001282922,0.0001252719,0.000316504,0.0001606662,0.04507745],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.9967956,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05346912,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06741886480686136,"score_gpt":0.2203602896003876,"score_spread":0.1529414247935263,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}