{"id":"W2081202482","doi":"10.1016/s0255-2701(03)00097-7","title":"Effect of surfactant on the characteristics of a droplet-laden jet","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering and Processing - Process Intensification","topic":"Fluid Dynamics and Heat Transfer","field":"Engineering","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Windsor; Western University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Syncrude","keywords":"Pulmonary surfactant; Coalescence (physics); Surface tension; Limiting; Jet (fluid); Mechanics; Materials science; Chemical engineering; Chemistry; Thermodynamics; Physics; Engineering; Mechanical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002373536,0.0001626812,0.0002514402,0.00005063912,0.00002460207,0.00001730825,0.00009050415,0.00009094858,0.000004187483],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002851046,0.0001140131,0.00003463991,0.0001737191,0.00005524401,0.00004457259,0.000004161604,0.0001943901,7.814619e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001728448,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001321422,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":9.160789e-7,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":3.259859e-8,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999304,0.00001037814,0.0002768025,0.0001363882,0.0001282371,0.0001442224],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999513,0.000155295,0.00003386641,0.0001344958,0.0001216401,0.00004168219],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00004675427,0.00002985197,0.0004357207,0.004064085,0.00003683885,6.582963e-7,0.0006296639,0.002722557,0.9816412,0.002298629,0.00001565569,0.008078397],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000154537,0.00006279779,0.0002555088,0.0003504624,0.00003095089,0.000006445025,0.00002001427,0.2603865,0.7384922,0.00004547396,0.00006051718,0.0001345928],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.993297,0.0003578439,0.005819767,0.00003721361,0.00006018713,0.0001172969,0.000007849947,0.00007941557,0.0002234511],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996999,0.00005322486,0.0001590619,0.000009089309,0.00001530998,0.00002076711,0.000009100055,0.00003018152,0.000003346164],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.257664,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4649318,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006597452506470771,"score_gpt":0.2070462083305719,"score_spread":0.2004487558241012,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}