{"id":"W2081469519","doi":"10.1115/1.1560707","title":"Knock Rating of Gaseous Fuels","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power","topic":"Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies","field":"Chemical Engineering","cited_by":42,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Butane; Methane; Propane; Compression ratio; Binary number; SPARK (programming language); Equivalence ratio; Ignition system; Hydrogen; Materials science; Thermodynamics; Compression (physics); Chemistry; Organic chemistry; Physics; Mathematics; Combustion; Catalysis; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006351888,0.0003774365,0.0006958413,0.0007837946,0.0003212086,0.0006888722,0.0005651664,0.0003820817,0.004813376],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002566894,0.0002095456,0.0003241619,0.0003050475,0.0003146095,0.0007622121,0.000570874,0.0003517344,0.0007875796],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004647661,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001667609,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008454098,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001113783,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988933,0.00008508177,0.00006806223,0.0001154005,0.0007275198,0.0001105121],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989219,0.0002992796,0.0001419378,0.0001165001,0.0004060596,0.0001143774],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001905429,0.00006968542,0.005196912,0.0003322781,0.00004759399,0.0002876966,0.0001167114,0.004877192,0.9667265,0.00071231,0.000468493,0.01925925],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003959603,0.001328548,0.02024498,0.00002465425,0.00004984476,0.0003630836,0.00009054913,0.00871847,0.9665362,0.000263627,0.002307467,0.00003303665],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9861622,0.001164489,0.005717454,0.00005780426,0.00006200398,0.00004128804,0.0004213999,0.000431645,0.005941811],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9961634,0.0002189302,0.001042785,0.00002184177,0.000007652353,0.00001042456,0.0004903689,0.0000486573,0.001996006],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.004813376,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01610231,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00803645712950094,"score_gpt":0.2251637592203107,"score_spread":0.2171273020908097,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}