{"id":"W2081685360","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-0289.2008.00437.x","title":"Poverty among the elderly in late Victorian England<sup>1</sup>","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Economic History Review","topic":"Historical Economic and Social Studies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Workers Compensation Board of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Poorhouse; Poor law; Poverty; Pension; Poor relief; Demographic economics; Social security; Economics; Character (mathematics); Labour economics; Political science; Sociology; Law; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000747402,0.00007616165,0.0002745141,0.001378521,0.0009151663,0.000894366,0.0003576164,0.0003062226,0.001414892],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001357806,0.000216915,0.00009249554,0.00255806,0.0006184463,0.0004470797,0.0009872703,0.0003860678,0.0002587723],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003571831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002280704,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.5738294,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.8023307,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996462,0.00009801774,0.000030352,0.00003354685,0.00008319252,0.0001086525],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999212,0.0001274968,0.000348258,0.00002048738,0.0001593402,0.0001323434],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001632171,0.00005967466,0.8886006,0.0004672891,0.00004766689,0.001914828,0.05129764,0.0003177452,0.0005914167,0.001675531,0.006301758,0.04856262],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000002012703,0.00002386654,0.9816238,0.00008819868,0.000005896525,0.0001528045,0.01359152,0.00005799489,0.0000319119,0.00009356023,0.004323069,0.000005382386],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9943221,0.002773934,0.0000269909,0.0005813786,0.000005714701,0.000004207556,0.000471542,0.000001015395,0.001813136],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9917332,0.003923363,0.00004619276,0.0001223261,0.00001129322,0.000008090302,0.0003168033,0.000001882623,0.003836789],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5738294,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8573608,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0413114809628157,"score_gpt":0.2051708843491727,"score_spread":0.163859403386357,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}