{"id":"W2082158998","doi":"10.1117/12.620628","title":"Quantification of Einstein's concept of the photon experimentally confirmed by the photo-electric effect","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"York University","funders":"York University; Texas A and M University","keywords":"Einstein; Photon; Physics; Optics; Computer science; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001720078,0.0004212852,0.0003221001,0.00131168,0.0005728654,0.001222378,0.00059099,0.001000164,0.002683935],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007423891,0.000265437,0.0001898837,0.0006601184,0.003776771,0.004739629,0.001592006,0.001838685,0.0003411082],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00098224,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009511042,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003549062,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001714492,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990605,0.000231745,0.0000419615,0.0002123754,0.0003761521,0.00007744164],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9970254,0.001439139,0.0004252656,0.0004790064,0.0004920263,0.0001391093],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000209918,0.00001417901,0.0002783768,0.00005913112,0.000006594084,0.000030566,0.0001902118,0.000891725,0.008159103,0.9787755,0.0005839297,0.01098967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003787782,0.0002621481,0.003452695,0.0001682314,0.00004437388,0.0006556971,0.0002537317,0.01767678,0.06215992,0.8084666,0.1066557,0.0001663877],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2192178,0.01500317,0.5664476,0.006062456,0.00156097,0.000261552,0.0005761522,0.0005175012,0.1903529],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9008518,0.003799564,0.08667757,0.0004333038,0.0002448164,0.0001789013,0.00007984749,0.0000474936,0.007686618],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.002683935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.009096742,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007569245579235903,"score_gpt":0.232022592230628,"score_spread":0.224453346651392,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}