{"id":"W2082861288","doi":"10.1016/j.jfineco.2012.02.005","title":"The cost and timing of financial distress","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Financial Economics","topic":"Financial Reporting and Valuation Research","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":102,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Bankruptcy; Financial distress; Offset (computer science); Economics; Business; Value (mathematics); Actuarial science; Cost–benefit analysis; Finance; Monetary economics; Financial system","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001915004,0.0002260939,0.0003594924,0.001552222,0.0002771359,0.001740342,0.000467206,0.001052749,0.006015114],"category_scores_gemma":[0.05338619,0.0003279599,0.0002811765,0.001047655,0.0006084185,0.002030523,0.0005951202,0.001090033,0.0004884301],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007280927,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003786666,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00180048,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001823785,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991818,0.0002844222,0.0001199758,0.00007929681,0.0002132809,0.0001212254],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9593595,0.02720688,0.008921454,0.001125797,0.001804356,0.001581981],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.004471491,0.0005450852,0.8397651,0.0001722253,0.0002815438,0.001700775,0.0004693974,0.01608738,0.005045377,0.0271132,0.002836074,0.1015123],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007236255,0.0005182655,0.9572934,0.0000533455,0.0002034089,0.002612891,0.0005658465,0.01401466,0.0009953178,0.02158983,0.00201865,0.00006216881],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9841622,0.002373002,0.002456357,0.001605899,0.0001022385,0.00002065683,0.0005801193,0.00003994988,0.008659549],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990509,0.0002678983,0.0001938932,0.00002142898,0.00006020719,0.000001863557,0.00007834971,0.000005144067,0.0003202925],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006015114,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02012259,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05137977619543545,"score_gpt":0.2906818165677517,"score_spread":0.2393020403723162,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}