{"id":"W2082940982","doi":"10.1097/01.brs.0000085093.68773.ec","title":"Assessing Observational Studies of Spinal Fusion and Chemonucleolysis","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Spine","topic":"Spine and Intervertebral Disc Pathology","field":"Medicine","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality","keywords":"Observational study; Medicine; Confounding; Randomized controlled trial; Spinal stenosis; Orthopedic surgery; Arthrodesis; Physical therapy; Spinal fusion; Surgery; Internal medicine; Alternative medicine; Pathology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.1377185,0.001278717,0.00642008,0.01484983,0.0007579019,0.002974173,0.002562584,0.002387536,0.003637396],"category_scores_gemma":[0.3745915,0.001002257,0.005496016,0.01739789,0.001337204,0.002759214,0.001941717,0.0009729726,0.0005040757],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004041176,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01271928,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004257135,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00599911,"domain_scores_codex":[0.8188173,0.0948234,0.05734378,0.005640939,0.02265813,0.0007163907],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.4822656,0.3509765,0.123711,0.009496382,0.03235797,0.001192577],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"systematic_review","study_design_gemma":"systematic_review","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00126302,0.0001574503,0.08658265,0.6461879,0.02663481,0.0003935742,0.00145714,0.0004621268,0.0003277702,0.001090592,0.003199758,0.2322432],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001897837,0.00240224,0.2346773,0.6077018,0.09079015,0.003072296,0.003524018,0.0007179469,0.001279243,0.002981272,0.05076707,0.0001888968],"study_design_candidate":"systematic_review","study_design_consensus":"systematic_review","genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.008121555,0.9845962,0.001836635,0.0007333956,0.0003115946,0.002755047,0.0008315318,0.00001472574,0.0007992157],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.1132503,0.8606257,0.01137691,0.002022349,0.0006088265,0.0102234,0.001590223,0.00001499213,0.000287302],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8622816,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7283335,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.39339737088217,"score_gpt":0.5060208059679783,"score_spread":0.1126234350858083,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}