{"id":"W2083025126","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2006.07.031","title":"Breakpoint chlorination and free-chlorine contact time: Implications for drinking water N-nitrosodimethylamine concentrations","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Water Research","topic":"Water Treatment and Disinfection","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":149,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"Canadian Water Network","keywords":"Chloramination; Chloramine; N-Nitrosodimethylamine; Chlorine; Water quality; Chemistry; Environmental chemistry; Water treatment; Chlorine dioxide; Raw water; Environmental engineering; Environmental science; Inorganic chemistry; Organic chemistry; Ecology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009252302,0.0003934976,0.0004087661,0.0005802186,0.0002816205,0.0009303582,0.0008804565,0.001504007,0.001685904],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004197874,0.0003308037,0.0004259784,0.0003915579,0.000464501,0.001069049,0.0003660955,0.0006581625,0.0003857917],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001259538,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005022117,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.007731012,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004380847,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9991474,0.0002195728,0.00003611707,0.0001867819,0.0003179186,0.00009225192],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9955065,0.002363378,0.0008162256,0.0002851054,0.0008102978,0.0002183771],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.009107113,0.0001969716,0.02296108,0.0001426601,0.00007104345,0.0001402541,0.0002185942,0.002396499,0.9478647,0.0004981121,0.0002635187,0.01613946],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00006478366,0.001607507,0.05759837,0.00001565562,0.0001151046,0.000311391,0.0002476959,0.008996114,0.9293454,0.0007457411,0.0009085145,0.00004375079],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9855269,0.003941233,0.008600132,0.0002224431,0.00005900117,0.00003162563,0.0003083064,0.0001044862,0.001205892],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9975168,0.0004073047,0.001124157,0.00003669809,0.000006310862,0.00001082826,0.0001068234,0.00002200333,0.0007691347],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007731012,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01537204,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02941731619405904,"score_gpt":0.2976546574869895,"score_spread":0.2682373412929305,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}