{"id":"W2083030465","doi":"10.2116/analsci.20.1113","title":"Recent Developments, Characteristics, and Potential Applications of Electrochemical Biosensors","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Analytical Sciences","topic":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":259,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Biosensor; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Transducer; Biochemical engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Electrical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001470688,0.0003003016,0.0008966448,0.0001477641,0.00007880056,0.00004476577,0.0002986734,0.0002546634,0.00004389553],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004663714,0.0002217632,0.0001523862,0.0008544346,0.0004633003,0.00003689622,0.00005470143,0.0002877058,0.00002225156],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00010706,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001239875,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000002854976,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":6.552054e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982659,0.00002009721,0.0005947647,0.0003879489,0.0002986945,0.0004326386],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994522,0.00008805897,0.0001026148,0.0001342441,0.00004973339,0.0001732017],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001359658,0.00004151472,0.000004518883,0.002827898,0.0001092348,0.00000320096,0.000006070371,0.000001199321,0.0004095681,0.001252577,0.00006502563,0.9952778],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008179116,0.00005881616,0.00001292426,0.00166295,0.0004573159,0.00005935579,0.000006775902,0.0002938041,0.001280447,0.0003920416,0.9950991,0.0005946619],"study_design_candidate":"design_other","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.0004593751,0.9981018,0.0001757726,0.00003422059,0.00004417056,0.0002915573,0.00001882355,0.00007674154,0.0007975092],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.001515911,0.9974951,0.0007805273,0.00001009254,0.00008615597,0.00001634041,0.00003754474,0.00001877041,0.00003957475],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.9950341,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9043239,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01736961809790956,"score_gpt":0.2736206382253504,"score_spread":0.2562510201274408,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}