{"id":"W2083030465","doi":"10.2116/analsci.20.1113","title":"Recent Developments, Characteristics, and Potential Applications of Electrochemical Biosensors","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Analytical Sciences","topic":"Electrochemical sensors and biosensors","field":"Engineering","cited_by":259,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Biosensor; Nanotechnology; Chemistry; Transducer; Biochemical engineering; Materials science; Engineering; Electrical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001372435,0.001453247,0.001841944,0.002598602,0.0003229752,0.001521403,0.001885188,0.001667072,0.001742941],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001456001,0.000640342,0.0006007184,0.003186161,0.000627354,0.002033638,0.0006870064,0.00169983,0.002720257],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007446517,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007253119,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0008694602,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001529783,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993774,0.00007305606,0.00006652946,0.0001432973,0.0002975131,0.00004229983],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.99899,0.0004393686,0.00008902349,0.0000396011,0.0003888845,0.00005315166],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008928173,0.0001066357,0.0003324126,0.01017861,0.00008339292,0.0002738958,0.00007292079,0.0005515903,0.02143816,0.004799602,0.01049517,0.9515783],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001746031,0.0001479979,0.0009865422,0.001086194,0.000136111,0.002761836,0.00009725759,0.000590667,0.0189456,0.00396927,0.9711971,0.00006399611],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000409012,0.9954404,0.002020736,0.0002485606,0.0002962127,0.000008686172,0.00001427847,0.00001871933,0.001543474],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00226253,0.9922292,0.0026622,0.0003805507,0.0003262223,0.00001463102,0.00004163422,0.000004536982,0.002078398],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002598602,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.007258236,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01736961809790956,"score_gpt":0.2736206382253504,"score_spread":0.2562510201274408,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}