{"id":"W2083373887","doi":"10.4212/cjhp.v67i1.1320","title":"Research: Articulating Questions, Generating Hypotheses, and Choosing Study Designs","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Canadian Journal of Hospital Pharmacy","topic":"Health Sciences Research and Education","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":37,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Computer science; Information retrieval; Data science; Management science; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01370094,0.00007952576,0.0001403492,0.0002896741,0.004618052,0.0001409822,0.0002762822,0.00002766587,0.0001262569],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004202942,0.00005271548,0.00002390936,0.0004152051,0.0002133967,0.0003242392,0.00003447892,0.001245997,0.00003788753],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000347296,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004244866,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05395415,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04199684,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9954993,0.002614808,0.0005036516,0.0001251604,0.0004729492,0.0007841641],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9963943,0.001412086,0.0002119989,0.0001547962,0.0006886931,0.00113807],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0000311044,0.000134841,0.8423092,0.00009252282,0.00004739478,0.00004160551,0.07575817,0.0003989178,0.0007609879,0.001188508,0.03687949,0.04235721],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003032918,0.002938346,0.7769321,0.0008853613,0.00006530467,0.00005710124,0.1203007,0.02310984,0.0001331413,0.006694901,0.06535511,0.0004952571],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9861507,0.0004633472,0.0001246226,0.01087765,0.0009078045,0.0005826366,0.000001411498,0.000005541694,0.0008862463],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9973378,0.00002448925,0.0005240944,0.000522158,0.001423866,0.00001948975,3.650769e-7,0.00001200318,0.0001357791],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0653772,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9966778,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3785893139704745,"score_gpt":0.5343161354456292,"score_spread":0.1557268214751547,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}