{"id":"W2083649588","doi":"10.1016/j.catcom.2011.07.011","title":"Carbon-based solid acid catalyst from de-oiled canola meal for biodiesel production","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Catalysis Communications","topic":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":128,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Carbonization; Catalysis; Canola; Sulfuric acid; Chemistry; Methanol; Biodiesel; Oleic acid; Carbon fibers; Organic chemistry; Nuclear chemistry; Biodiesel production; Materials science; Adsorption; Food science; Biochemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002222311,0.0002076698,0.0002461554,0.0001846609,0.0004206934,0.00003575476,0.0008725194,0.0001223055,0.0000360957],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001174257,0.0002302424,0.0001438364,0.0005381112,0.000228121,0.0001170531,0.00008479192,0.0002225466,0.0000530942],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001853474,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008572636,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001248383,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001872843,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988597,0.00005008253,0.0003793823,0.0003162703,0.0001058404,0.0002887243],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967258,0.00007462952,0.00009058318,0.002766504,0.0002200891,0.0001224129],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001502579,0.002524814,0.008624319,0.0004209493,0.003511514,0.000001619035,0.02633389,0.008188971,0.844926,0.004672484,0.04254849,0.0580967],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007467174,0.00003423284,0.002744912,0.00004345978,0.0008488789,0.00000566496,0.001290173,0.1145211,0.8122382,0.00131793,0.06529295,0.000915796],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6549782,0.02550691,0.1866827,0.02440315,0.003344346,0.00872175,0.004185502,0.01088837,0.08128915],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.970993,0.0002455671,0.02503684,0.00005709429,0.0001176368,0.001454834,0.00188775,0.00004661236,0.0001606819],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3160149,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9389012,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05862500031765363,"score_gpt":0.257264282310606,"score_spread":0.1986392819929524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}