{"id":"W2083649588","doi":"10.1016/j.catcom.2011.07.011","title":"Carbon-based solid acid catalyst from de-oiled canola meal for biodiesel production","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Catalysis Communications","topic":"Biodiesel Production and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":128,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Saskatchewan","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Carbonization; Catalysis; Canola; Sulfuric acid; Chemistry; Methanol; Biodiesel; Oleic acid; Carbon fibers; Organic chemistry; Nuclear chemistry; Biodiesel production; Materials science; Adsorption; Food science; Biochemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001256521,0.0004953378,0.0003227677,0.0006742743,0.0003013346,0.00049917,0.0005323889,0.0005176278,0.001783745],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002314164,0.0002100324,0.0002732325,0.0004155599,0.000215468,0.0004401261,0.0003813628,0.0007015935,0.00073576],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004680126,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004581144,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002615046,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005903472,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998789,0.000009218831,0.000008184195,0.00002013808,0.00004379998,0.00003980961],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999342,0.000009185238,0.000006585048,0.000007555067,0.00002243724,0.00002006749],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003717625,0.00009777535,0.0001969211,0.0002519644,0.00003388352,0.0002844981,0.00003518587,0.0004308063,0.984977,0.0005400793,0.0004851738,0.01229489],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001738549,0.0001147842,0.0005500967,0.00001036493,0.00002551014,0.00008209547,0.0000294091,0.001210714,0.9947159,0.00008155283,0.00315153,0.00001074594],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9809945,0.00357394,0.004627896,0.0004118914,0.0002830181,0.00005803702,0.0003507848,0.0002196986,0.009480375],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9924526,0.001100053,0.001858881,0.00003687399,0.00001604581,0.00001046291,0.0003308569,0.00003705462,0.004157198],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002615046,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.005967259,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05862500031765363,"score_gpt":0.257264282310606,"score_spread":0.1986392819929524,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}