{"id":"W2083729028","doi":"10.1118/1.1513157","title":"X‐ray imaging with amorphous selenium: X‐ray to charge conversion gain and avalanche multiplication gain","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Medical Physics","topic":"Luminescence Properties of Advanced Materials","field":"Materials Science","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Women's College Hospital; University of Toronto; Sunnybrook Health Science Centre","funders":"","keywords":"Active matrix; Avalanche photodiode; X-ray detector; Optics; Noise (video); Detective quantum efficiency; Electric field; Detector; Physics; Noise figure; Materials science; Optoelectronics; Fluoroscopy; Image quality; Computer science; CMOS; Nanotechnology; Amplifier","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003290372,0.0003584214,0.0001816731,0.0003758443,0.0001392413,0.0006704761,0.0004531313,0.0005444459,0.002993315],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001070494,0.0002668547,0.0001888117,0.0004377029,0.0005596314,0.0007545229,0.0004860846,0.0004403025,0.0005379987],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003631553,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002100156,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003721964,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0008102981,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997873,0.00003814727,0.000008353553,0.00005368952,0.00009138201,0.00002118964],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995691,0.0002297506,0.00005949586,0.0000464927,0.0000574571,0.00003776943],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001910282,0.00002979217,0.001340532,0.00006535032,0.00001048822,0.00008353167,0.00004473487,0.0003357543,0.9786438,0.0009628676,0.0000993637,0.0181927],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002546739,0.0003173613,0.006264747,0.00001135103,0.00002144368,0.001175227,0.00003237631,0.003828747,0.98518,0.0004861969,0.002645114,0.000011936],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8265314,0.005470118,0.1531142,0.0003567565,0.00006286323,0.0001272656,0.0001252832,0.00118292,0.0130293],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.915994,0.001336653,0.0733844,0.00005460122,0.00001367142,0.00003704502,0.00007095587,0.00006067262,0.009048005],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.002993315,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01001364,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01356440882206277,"score_gpt":0.2301012699810302,"score_spread":0.2165368611589674,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}