{"id":"W2083747056","doi":"10.1119/1.3246459","title":"What Should We Expect Students to Learn?","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Physics Teacher","topic":"Science Education and Pedagogy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"John Abbott College","funders":"","keywords":"Enthusiasm; Physics education; Mathematics education; Sobel operator; Layperson; sort; Relevance (law); Object (grammar); Epistemology; Physics; Mathematics; Computer science; Psychology; Artificial intelligence; Philosophy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008120356,0.00006491199,0.00006928958,0.00001734684,0.0005032975,0.0003328973,0.0006541841,0.00002863023,0.0004708677],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006175588,0.00004600959,0.00004184198,0.0003351732,0.00009660763,0.0003414654,0.00003054077,0.0001518354,0.000649496],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005540079,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008932867,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003696509,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002019248,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988103,0.0002158227,0.00007076367,0.0001495391,0.0005134424,0.0002401284],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995414,0.00005921485,0.00002849586,0.0002286241,0.00003464393,0.000107615],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006222281,0.0003155537,0.003332985,4.235019e-7,0.000007780551,3.340074e-7,0.7209804,0.0000322575,0.0003465895,0.02867877,0.0424784,0.2038203],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001567631,0.00007944638,0.02336632,0.00002103753,0.00001495987,2.362946e-7,0.314914,0.00001712937,0.000379357,0.05053994,0.6102408,0.0002700271],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7762937,0.0001386673,0.0002120161,0.1779253,0.001274041,0.0002650715,2.539252e-7,0.00008561781,0.0438053],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9562008,0.00007854529,0.00002095632,0.00516794,0.001059911,0.000008337837,3.908499e-7,0.000004209228,0.0374589],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5677624,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8348173,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.210712845613189,"score_gpt":0.4931697706412853,"score_spread":0.2824569250280963,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}