{"id":"W2084299944","doi":"10.1080/00461520701756420","title":"Why Instructional Explanations Often Do Not Work: A Framework for Understanding the Effectiveness of Instructional Explanations","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Educational Psychologist","topic":"Educational Strategies and Epistemologies","field":"Psychology","cited_by":276,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Université Laval; University of California, Santa Cruz","keywords":"Variety (cybernetics); Instructional design; Psychology; Cognition; Learning theory; Mathematics education; Computer science; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02941826,0.002185372,0.0017973,0.01322016,0.002693453,0.01189231,0.005561087,0.009920599,0.003139278],"category_scores_gemma":[0.07884002,0.00106892,0.001674174,0.004607168,0.03005969,0.02256916,0.004743279,0.004259256,0.0005045079],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.007351896,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.007332896,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006709031,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004116039,"domain_scores_codex":[0.973239,0.01701203,0.002548233,0.001734464,0.004161131,0.001305088],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8687384,0.1094405,0.01028287,0.003281771,0.006813572,0.001443007],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007988317,0.0002110184,0.008202796,0.001044697,0.0001170757,0.0004178012,0.01506659,0.006214569,0.0005229629,0.9222249,0.001297434,0.04460026],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001438909,0.0001522634,0.003913526,0.0008835653,0.0001412365,0.0003576998,0.005964217,0.01514806,0.0009450087,0.9556469,0.01660564,0.00009798657],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.09999274,0.04527982,0.6908469,0.08081252,0.0007004446,0.00173728,0.0004617439,0.0009855871,0.07918283],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7971619,0.009066534,0.1865352,0.002624254,0.0003781788,0.00157687,0.0002073074,0.0001575116,0.002292234],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02941826,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1555805,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1799185524916297,"score_gpt":0.4035644427151414,"score_spread":0.2236458902235117,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}