{"id":"W2084933259","doi":"10.1139/t10-018","title":"Preferential flow in geosynthetic clay liners exhumed from final covers with composite barriers","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Canadian Geotechnical Journal","topic":"Landfill Environmental Impact Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":27,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission; U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","keywords":"Geosynthetic clay liner; Hydraulic conductivity; Bentonite; Geotechnical engineering; Water flow; Geomembrane; Geology; Soil water; Soil science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001974963,0.000251011,0.0002587462,0.0001099053,0.0003209193,0.00009326584,0.0004571292,0.000202134,0.00958561],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000894261,0.0001970055,0.00007999978,0.0001841474,0.0006096191,0.0002504649,0.0001177244,0.001317053,0.0002317521],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007599778,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001447426,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.05135653,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1092606,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981285,0.00006218052,0.0003047999,0.0003436712,0.0004284031,0.0007324792],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9980914,0.00006042546,0.00009526663,0.0002866538,0.000005447912,0.001460806],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0007644861,0.0002599783,0.5054449,0.000007486119,0.0002633158,0.002678079,0.001483553,0.2680817,0.1754896,0.00001597822,0.01682256,0.0286884],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00531141,0.0005700275,0.9114911,0.0001382388,0.0001757844,0.001494711,0.0002493453,0.02907787,0.005892355,0.0008398904,0.04312604,0.001633215],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9950536,0.00001736672,0.0003095509,0.001631,0.0002791622,0.0001916326,0.00008962389,0.00002341842,0.002404626],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9979509,0.00002398237,0.001136968,0.0006294593,0.0001055065,0.000008878003,0.00001287868,0.00002821201,0.0001032055],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4060462,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9913198,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007055010823362355,"score_gpt":0.1958098845776166,"score_spread":0.1887548737542542,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}