{"id":"W2084956560","doi":"10.1016/s1001-6279(10)60026-1","title":"Velocity profiles and incipient motion of frazil particles under ice cover","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Sediment Research","topic":"Landslides and related hazards","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":77,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Northern British Columbia","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; National Natural Science Foundation of China","keywords":"Geology; Shear stress; Critical resolved shear stress; Flume; Mechanics; Shear (geology); Geomorphology; Geotechnical engineering; Flow (mathematics); Materials science; Shear rate; Viscosity; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001263551,0.00004911634,0.00007786704,0.00008338856,0.00005331257,0.00003591485,0.0002405939,0.0000557193,0.001475463],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00008708583,0.00003327321,0.0000355831,0.00008859305,0.0002480038,0.0002014648,0.0002043123,0.0003935293,0.00003874227],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00009318005,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003078321,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001228501,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00001331864,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998246,0.00005320077,0.0002476046,0.00009105907,0.001230136,0.0001320254],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994376,0.00009272307,0.0001261043,0.00006537294,0.0001871399,0.00009106276],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005506763,0.0007250721,0.3263997,0.00001721396,0.000270903,0.00006818204,0.001516692,0.002913629,0.6000327,0.003630983,0.005992116,0.05788214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001760736,0.0004315762,0.7720866,0.00008989497,0.00002096941,0.0001541752,0.0004158835,0.005125069,0.1969536,0.009569132,0.01325029,0.0001421144],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960625,0.00004189272,0.0002129693,0.001918403,0.0003201412,0.00006215556,0.000003615341,0.000002067527,0.001376258],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988834,0.0001092052,0.0006730983,0.00004399989,0.0001116679,0.000001354116,0.000001098632,0.000004085021,0.0001720805],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4456868,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994373,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02470246129071883,"score_gpt":0.3313983789117665,"score_spread":0.3066959176210476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}