{"id":"W2085893942","doi":"10.1016/j.energy.2011.02.012","title":"Development of energy and emission parameters for densified form of lignocellulosic biomass","year":2011,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Energy","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Alberta","funders":"","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Pellets; Environmental science; Biomass (ecology); Fertilizer; Straw; Pellet; Bioenergy; Biofuel; Lignocellulosic biomass; Energy crop; Energy source; Emission intensity; Zero emission; Renewable energy; Waste management; Environmental engineering; Pulp and paper industry; Agronomy; Fossil fuel; Materials science; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003469917,0.0002846506,0.0002169073,0.0002370944,0.0001657194,0.0003438383,0.0002698833,0.0002395251,0.0005413633],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003500875,0.0001286986,0.0002116527,0.0003537642,0.000153266,0.0005517388,0.0002657436,0.0002503106,0.0001047819],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004683649,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002011771,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001471996,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002556411,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998618,0.00001517108,0.00001258561,0.0000329029,0.00006536375,0.00001212097],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999872,0.00004257174,0.00001728671,0.00001259953,0.00005001101,0.000005534319],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001532646,0.00004337064,0.002519101,0.00009622563,0.000009950933,0.00003988683,0.00005725989,0.004598915,0.9832081,0.0004748311,0.00004554515,0.008753452],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000005187484,0.00007513025,0.003525493,0.000003626113,0.000007801116,0.00002038947,0.00005122515,0.007079993,0.9884214,0.0001138085,0.0006899042,0.000006108188],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9874237,0.0005181588,0.01043692,0.00002424146,0.000007518555,0.00002632553,0.0002958181,0.00002457423,0.0012428],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9942176,0.0002314656,0.004594387,0.000005442438,0.000001359988,0.00003142723,0.0003828554,0.000008832853,0.0005265992],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001471996,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.00339818,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02741508849441434,"score_gpt":0.1936481996465491,"score_spread":0.1662331111521347,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}