{"id":"W2086240149","doi":"10.1016/s0009-2509(00)00142-1","title":"Permeability and electrical conductivity of porous media from 3D stochastic replicas of the microstructure","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Chemical Engineering Science","topic":"Groundwater flow and contamination studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":115,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Skeletonization; Permeability (electromagnetism); Hydraulic conductivity; Porous medium; Characterisation of pore space in soil; Network model; Porosity; Conductance; Topology (electrical circuits); Shape factor; Materials science; Biological system; Geometry; Geology; Mathematics; Computer science; Geotechnical engineering; Chemistry; Soil science; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001269508,0.00007116181,0.0001187358,0.0000097307,0.00004393664,0.000007089686,0.0002381759,0.00002980228,0.0001175829],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000236704,0.00004881463,0.00002106021,0.0002950506,0.0009249058,0.00008671904,0.000129022,0.00008952025,0.000001731905],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00005164288,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000009535125,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007982142,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000001319051,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992306,0.000005738288,0.0001269976,0.0002421879,0.0002557737,0.0001387468],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996142,0.00008845791,0.00002841525,0.0002109025,0.00001199407,0.00004596861],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000003381107,0.00001266221,0.003728648,0.000002770306,0.000001607979,1.139427e-7,0.0003755418,0.0004299845,0.9878204,0.00001085421,0.00000434595,0.007609628],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001533652,0.00001277297,0.4141777,0.00001080507,0.00001107882,0.000008462291,0.00001500007,0.008814055,0.576537,0.0001069873,0.00004208285,0.000110669],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9990245,0.0000357148,0.0007534943,0.00003363796,0.00003655849,0.00005583185,0.000007454556,0.00001004569,0.0000427376],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991704,9.245671e-7,0.0007805515,0.00001270835,0.000008840327,0.00000248763,3.861899e-7,0.000002535038,0.00002112561],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4112835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3407854,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005237525878169833,"score_gpt":0.1895993884702359,"score_spread":0.1843618625920661,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}