{"id":"W2086330418","doi":"10.1115/ipc2002-27341","title":"The Application of Near-Surface Geophysics at Proposed Pipeline River Crossings: A Comparative Overview of Various Techniques and Their Associated Capabilities and Limitations","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"4th International Pipeline Conference, Parts A and B","topic":"Geophysical Methods and Applications","field":"Engineering","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Borehole; Geology; Drilling; Ground-penetrating radar; Measurement while drilling; Bedrock; Geophysics; Electrical resistivity tomography; Geophysical survey; Directional drilling; Regional geology; Geotechnical engineering; Radar; Seismology; Engineering; Tectonics; Geomorphology; Volcanism; Electrical resistivity and conductivity","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001166082,0.0001287996,0.0002184613,0.00001526359,0.0001463262,0.00005853884,0.00008898933,0.00004522018,0.000007134633],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004837454,0.00009193592,0.0000309377,0.00009159861,0.000475859,0.00008015284,0.00005408633,0.00008678035,0.000001283626],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00001725506,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001124822,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007709718,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00005958967,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993169,0.0000347719,0.0002939712,0.0001486798,0.0001074698,0.00009815009],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989982,0.0004031989,0.0001310444,0.0001150115,0.0003129307,0.00003964701],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001195877,0.001110556,0.005588067,0.0006175752,0.0005803632,0.00000124785,0.03577635,0.001145302,0.08511315,0.2728122,0.004094061,0.5930415],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006404866,0.0001116746,0.01317426,0.0001422452,0.00005887789,0.000005870063,0.0005314085,0.8950527,0.008464652,0.02957002,0.05195269,0.0002951029],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.980619,0.001353934,0.01190152,0.0006797053,0.00004700246,0.0005018085,0.0001945884,0.00007312671,0.004629348],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9956937,0.001012669,0.00266639,0.00001616484,0.00002710182,0.00003520522,0.00002313547,0.000007923667,0.0005176449],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8939074,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3749038,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06446219524646586,"score_gpt":0.2940533049434133,"score_spread":0.2295911096969474,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}