{"id":"W2086678385","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2004.11.011","title":"Drought induced pulses of <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" altimg=\"si20.gif\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">SO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>-</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math> from a Canadian shield wetland: use of δ34S and δ18O in <mml:math xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\" altimg=\"si21.gif\" overflow=\"scroll\"><mml:mrow><mml:msubsup><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant=\"normal\">SO</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>4</mml:mn></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn><mml:mo>-</mml:mo></mml:mrow></mml:msubsup></mml:mrow></mml:math> to determine sources of sulfur","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Geochemistry","topic":"Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":50,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Environment and Climate Change Canada; University of Waterloo","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"δ34S; Wetland; STREAMS; Groundwater; Hydrology (agriculture); Environmental science; Peat; Soil water; Precipitation; Sulfate; Watershed; δ18O; Stable isotope ratio; Geology; Ecology; Soil science; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","scholarly_communication","open_science","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaepi_narrow","sts","open_science","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"category_scores_codex":[0.006321701,0.003764206,0.001529406,0.002460802,0.004633381,0.004862725,0.0089586,0.009633876,0.8210286],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004936905,0.007738365,0.005855529,0.00521549,0.007160049,0.005754546,0.008389459,0.006417757,0.004682831],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001196789,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006164199,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02424176,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01966169,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9660674,0.001508576,0.007306422,0.006907992,0.008893979,0.009315614],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9732022,0.005127549,0.007714379,0.00798601,0.0006157189,0.005354115],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.008285664,0.001829426,0.0002398501,0.004600313,0.006675497,0.006591971,0.007500841,0.007569503,0.0212065,0.2074282,0.7222049,0.005867327],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00699798,0.003424449,0.0005814829,0.003543327,0.004816279,0.005031313,0.005814987,0.04669753,0.9048949,0.0001696609,0.01154402,0.006484008],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.503029,0.001750622,0.0006029963,0.001099785,0.003267428,0.0001370228,0.002023065,0.0005810097,0.487509],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9627063,0.003884189,0.005872772,0.00474373,0.005146828,0.005343278,0.007748056,0.00338974,0.001165128],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8836884,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996305,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01298471304590572,"score_gpt":0.2140046441387171,"score_spread":0.2010199310928114,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}