{"id":"W2086905082","doi":"10.1103/physreve.77.051601","title":"Volume versus surface nucleation in freezing aerosols","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physical Review E","topic":"nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":33,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"","keywords":"Nucleation; Aerosol; Volume (thermodynamics); Thermodynamics; Surface (topology); Materials science; Kinetics; Statistical physics; Mechanics; Chemical physics; Meteorology; Chemistry; Physics; Mathematics; Classical mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000588219,0.0002858682,0.0004821876,0.000455607,0.0005039971,0.000681971,0.0006430743,0.0003024755,0.0007096964],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001044401,0.0001600106,0.0003802333,0.0001424726,0.0006694567,0.001034708,0.0006382084,0.0006192357,0.000136507],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006078815,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003138507,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00220394,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001554355,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995331,0.00004839098,0.00001531171,0.0001260964,0.0002009141,0.00007616812],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995223,0.0002778967,0.00005683098,0.00003841378,0.00007338425,0.00003117989],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003195316,0.0001091415,0.0218017,0.0005176422,0.00009921803,0.0006376968,0.0007783209,0.04067468,0.845246,0.04637901,0.0006391995,0.04279786],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001887308,0.000384519,0.0216535,0.00005135093,0.00008032861,0.0006426482,0.0003548714,0.1336638,0.7984288,0.0394087,0.005245282,0.00006729595],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9381894,0.005225083,0.04798193,0.00031311,0.0001738011,0.00003623318,0.0001195624,0.0001289062,0.007831837],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9964768,0.0008515911,0.001979205,0.00003240184,0.00004050113,0.000006544205,0.00006129801,0.00001674075,0.0005347747],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.00220394,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004410505,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04721626499554243,"score_gpt":0.294811012939234,"score_spread":0.2475947479436916,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}