{"id":"W2087590212","doi":"10.1007/s00340-015-6107-z","title":"Measurement of soot concentration and bulk fluid temperature and velocity using modulated laser-induced incandescence","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Applied Physics B","topic":"Combustion and flame dynamics","field":"Engineering","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"National Research Council Canada","funders":"","keywords":"Soot; Materials science; Incandescence; Volume fraction; Optics; Absorption (acoustics); Volume (thermodynamics); Analytical Chemistry (journal); Laser; Laminar flow; Phase (matter); Thermodynamics; Physics; Chemistry; Combustion","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00008498273,0.00009206312,0.000115117,0.000008254849,0.00002874917,0.000019246,0.000029551,0.00005200643,5.629025e-7],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004267185,0.00009776243,0.000008793926,0.00009481145,0.00002555043,0.0000509346,0.00001747574,0.00008594058,4.907182e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007174426,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003694109,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001308239,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000004331956,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995499,0.000006462237,0.0001048347,0.00009859853,0.0001506207,0.00008957691],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997415,0.000004830549,0.00002399964,0.00008762244,0.00007946253,0.00006260952],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001340178,0.00001597253,0.0001905916,0.00004650814,0.00002155251,2.920099e-7,0.0004973061,0.03886048,0.9546158,0.001229428,0.00001616234,0.004492481],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006320564,0.00001304126,0.001284362,0.0000285377,0.00001963042,0.000001077454,0.00006518883,0.8562084,0.1410231,0.0005670681,0.00001190048,0.0001456777],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9965534,0.00004131128,0.002954079,0.00000546406,0.00006046567,0.0001258059,0.000004875671,0.00004840711,0.0002061425],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996155,0.0000103978,0.0003053652,0.00001208805,0.00003286514,0.000002704291,0.000008873512,0.00001122699,0.000001014412],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8173479,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3986636,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02639588775691035,"score_gpt":0.2130667115419538,"score_spread":0.1866708237850434,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}