{"id":"W2087964828","doi":"10.1093/ei/41.1.80","title":"Nontariff Barriers and Trade Liberalization","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economic Inquiry","topic":"Global trade and economics","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council; Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Stylized fact; Economics; Tariff; International economics; Free trade; Liberalization; International trade; Incentive; Commercial policy; Microeconomics; Macroeconomics; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009796517,0.0005479303,0.0005536911,0.000789058,0.0009144499,0.002774146,0.000763185,0.001030521,0.0132614],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004724778,0.0003070602,0.0007637118,0.000910275,0.002823428,0.003389893,0.002339629,0.001882079,0.0006579045],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001529944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001215122,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003370772,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002908769,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988254,0.0004135181,0.00005245549,0.0002003019,0.000205807,0.0003025603],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9967223,0.001434867,0.001068179,0.0003613436,0.0002057102,0.0002076377],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00007371784,0.00006382997,0.002204143,0.000177396,0.00003168237,0.0002290795,0.0002876698,0.04343481,0.001510268,0.9397901,0.0009298613,0.0112673],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007505372,0.00009270576,0.004385806,0.00009514653,0.00002844467,0.0003434373,0.0004016503,0.03378846,0.001829979,0.9355494,0.02338348,0.00002662575],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5224304,0.004316854,0.1504251,0.00672272,0.0001570675,0.0001147487,0.000403825,0.0003013957,0.315128],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9886221,0.00090919,0.002402278,0.0002276993,0.00002734418,0.00002637506,0.00004458746,0.00002625615,0.007714231],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0132614,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04436386,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07995389177945957,"score_gpt":0.2066872043562072,"score_spread":0.1267333125767476,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}