{"id":"W2087967401","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-2427.2005.00630.x","title":"Globalization from Below: The Ranking of Global Immigrant Cities","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Urban and Regional Research","topic":"Global Urban Networks and Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":118,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Metropolitan area; Global city; Geography; Index (typography); Urban hierarchy; Globalization; Demographic economics; Economic geography; Political science; Economy; Demography; Sociology; Economics; Population","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006290648,0.0003623589,0.0002316427,0.003301427,0.0005492174,0.002742414,0.0002502638,0.0002270375,0.005082494],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002860269,0.0000839484,0.0002758495,0.004705392,0.0006726615,0.001551863,0.001799198,0.00038361,0.0007716248],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008275234,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007472076,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01529074,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02749225,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995089,0.0001556396,0.00003487322,0.00006575775,0.0001162374,0.0001184926],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986004,0.000195342,0.0003532753,0.0001295992,0.0003999819,0.0003213818],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002149794,0.00004913252,0.8539669,0.0001766028,0.00008267762,0.0001985629,0.008728646,0.00214902,0.0008254688,0.01714009,0.01510544,0.1013626],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001195118,0.0001498486,0.9404029,0.000127866,0.00003227484,0.0001682399,0.02381961,0.001880476,0.0004623722,0.002502069,0.03040044,0.00004199593],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.948662,0.0005548246,0.0008010738,0.0005633233,0.00005810551,0.00002224328,0.001961644,0.00004735735,0.04732939],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9936165,0.0003480151,0.0009534282,0.00006887851,0.00002029342,0.00001758842,0.002192016,0.00002873998,0.002754577],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01529074,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03040349,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04816620103820914,"score_gpt":0.3735153934559904,"score_spread":0.3253491924177813,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}