{"id":"W2088026057","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-2354.2007.00434.x","title":"CANDIDATE VALENCE: EVIDENCE FROM CONSECUTIVE PRESIDENTIAL ELECTIONS*","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Economic Review","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Counterfactual thinking; Voting; Presidential system; Valence (chemistry); Economics; Econometrics; Public economics; Political science; Microeconomics; Psychology; Social psychology; Law; Chemistry; Politics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007707837,0.000218721,0.000695718,0.001012561,0.0007119091,0.001234237,0.0006518998,0.0006131256,0.003495916],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04129855,0.0003839887,0.0004692567,0.001817093,0.0007167841,0.0008856981,0.001564511,0.000748597,0.0008040219],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002831306,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0002095176,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001870117,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003096881,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9961218,0.002389336,0.0002543787,0.000394514,0.0005947686,0.000245139],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.947337,0.03180952,0.01159359,0.005226096,0.0029628,0.001071036],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.007119759,0.0006029534,0.9181314,0.0004388161,0.0009361045,0.0003295586,0.002539645,0.005410196,0.00331085,0.01080974,0.001758116,0.04861294],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002087602,0.0008787062,0.9805926,0.0000461402,0.000279024,0.0003929601,0.001355163,0.0053825,0.001872863,0.005301189,0.003646694,0.00004339107],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9960431,0.0002289899,0.0008384107,0.00007169091,0.000008595901,0.00001055075,0.0001739797,0.000004727712,0.002620085],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987592,0.00009363682,0.0002588455,0.00001780612,0.00001357855,0.000007228386,0.000534666,0.000003454943,0.0003116037],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007707837,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04076344,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0596693655925123,"score_gpt":0.4135932951756144,"score_spread":0.3539239295831021,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}