{"id":"W2088820584","doi":"10.1377/hlthaff.w4.396","title":"Doughnut Holes And Price Controls","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Health Affairs","topic":"Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":30,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Medicare Part D; Drug prices; Prescription drug; Business; Pharmaceutical industry; Cost sharing; Drug industry; Public economics; Drug pricing; Medical prescription; Actuarial science; Economics; Medicine; Pharmacology","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004660099,0.0009882142,0.001838039,0.001716021,0.003253238,0.006834446,0.002175314,0.005257078,0.0279704],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01760434,0.0008525674,0.001226655,0.00158176,0.01131541,0.008486466,0.00369068,0.006695663,0.001090801],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004008429,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002846137,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01814578,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01430566,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9956051,0.0007909914,0.0001764256,0.001360657,0.0008964154,0.001170452],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9923987,0.003529741,0.002307115,0.0007746573,0.0004994037,0.0004904043],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008142405,0.00002607661,0.0008084297,0.00004060785,0.00002225801,0.0001215167,0.0001168263,0.001071202,0.00008504108,0.9858328,0.00590415,0.005889652],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000176426,0.0000648289,0.001807043,0.00009449034,0.00003115485,0.00007865152,0.0001279958,0.002787222,0.0002323894,0.960705,0.03384791,0.00004695614],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2084996,0.02431246,0.0855164,0.06433665,0.003005816,0.0004553091,0.002268927,0.001269226,0.6103356],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9479688,0.002417869,0.002973344,0.005932434,0.001081971,0.000170192,0.0002131303,0.0001239844,0.03911838],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.0279704,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09357029,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05110420427915781,"score_gpt":0.3001486910607471,"score_spread":0.2490444867815893,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}