{"id":"W2088828026","doi":"10.1063/1.2182006","title":"Formation of vortex dipoles","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Physics of Fluids","topic":"Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows","field":"Engineering","cited_by":59,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Physics; Vorticity; Vortex; Dipole; Vortex ring; Mechanics; Jet (fluid); Classical mechanics; Quantum mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00002936766,0.00005522239,0.0000976161,0.00001593576,0.000009415514,0.000003128797,0.00006640943,0.00002203402,0.000003286748],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000002346023,0.00005697294,0.0000392068,0.00006733443,0.00002275699,0.00007766692,0.00001157609,0.00003420228,0.00000285203],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000103424,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000003097654,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001353697,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002719276,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996433,0.000002135987,0.0001599953,0.00003493867,0.00008777194,0.00007184471],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999805,0.00001408955,0.00002355004,0.0001100043,0.00003855374,0.000008847297],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000001812227,0.00005174309,0.000271332,0.0002466233,0.0000153328,2.790285e-7,0.0001006479,0.2945962,0.6223469,0.07482848,0.0008154707,0.006725145],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001090609,0.00001357048,0.001081986,0.00002396554,0.00001565308,2.420437e-7,0.00001138452,0.8463175,0.1192037,0.03298653,0.000150961,0.00008550811],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6412088,0.000147603,0.3499969,0.000004759688,0.0001171062,0.00004043007,0.00003059235,0.00004181756,0.008411987],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9977437,0.00002414818,0.002088851,0.000001552402,0.00009293934,0.000001571338,0.00001843512,0.0000113018,0.00001747793],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5517213,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2323289,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.005479513845150453,"score_gpt":0.1918385043971831,"score_spread":0.1863589905520327,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}