{"id":"W2090189841","doi":"10.1021/es902555a","title":"Life Cycle Emissions and Cost of Producing Electricity from Coal, Natural Gas, and Wood Pellets in Ontario, Canada","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":228,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Kementerian Sumber Asli dan Alam Sekitar; Ministry of Natural Resources","keywords":"Cofiring; Coal; Tonne; Greenhouse gas; Natural gas; Waste management; Environmental science; Cost of electricity by source; Environmental engineering; Combined cycle; Engineering; Life-cycle assessment; Pellets; Electricity generation; Economics; Power (physics); Production (economics)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003183305,0.0003599936,0.0002600483,0.0007687667,0.001013442,0.0008360517,0.000971671,0.0003081268,0.002858781],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00108387,0.0003053536,0.0006782176,0.001834541,0.0004651705,0.0003330523,0.0002886273,0.0002818835,0.0001855223],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.06227348,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.02000544,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9943684,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9968358,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995054,0.00003321182,0.00002006995,0.00004522462,0.0002398166,0.0001562894],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992127,0.0001437119,0.00008740641,0.00002201553,0.0004517714,0.000082286],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00138861,0.0003086194,0.5400541,0.0005818092,0.0004993169,0.001348473,0.0007589022,0.382827,0.01247929,0.004026967,0.01082316,0.04490362],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001617005,0.0004249262,0.8455702,0.00008398984,0.0002935142,0.0002581083,0.002371956,0.131542,0.004513663,0.0006933558,0.01395756,0.0001289921],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9825261,0.0004059734,0.0003446897,0.0001831271,0.00000645979,0.00008929652,0.007967254,0.00002859749,0.008448545],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9899476,0.000390277,0.000427789,0.00002602131,0.000001333789,0.00002211477,0.003802586,0.000008076368,0.005374375],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.06227348,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4518279,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003008701552290267,"score_gpt":0.1908944636898247,"score_spread":0.1878857621375344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}