{"id":"W2090189841","doi":"10.1021/es902555a","title":"Life Cycle Emissions and Cost of Producing Electricity from Coal, Natural Gas, and Wood Pellets in Ontario, Canada","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Environmental Impact and Sustainability","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":228,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Kementerian Sumber Asli dan Alam Sekitar; Ministry of Natural Resources","keywords":"Cofiring; Coal; Tonne; Greenhouse gas; Natural gas; Waste management; Environmental science; Cost of electricity by source; Environmental engineering; Combined cycle; Engineering; Life-cycle assessment; Pellets; Electricity generation; Economics; Power (physics); Production (economics)","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002769438,0.0002054452,0.000253252,0.0001285305,0.0002637623,0.00001782358,0.0003646527,0.0001022775,0.0005603452],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001530719,0.0001912793,0.00001833095,0.0004582185,0.002001293,0.0003414607,0.0004743095,0.000409297,0.000004122777],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002065714,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001601542,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.6170332,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.6293247,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9979746,0.00002901062,0.00028938,0.0007014769,0.0004310286,0.0005744844],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992141,0.00003208662,0.0001045732,0.0003557972,0.000001286554,0.0002922264],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001843925,0.0001630601,0.8362558,0.000001296491,0.000002118742,0.00001372786,0.0004594332,0.0002021602,0.1510992,0.00001177161,0.00007590224,0.01169711],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003563443,0.0001391433,0.9679419,0.000008413132,0.000006480489,0.0000161913,0.0008233893,0.0005238453,0.02840644,0.0009293124,0.0006397726,0.0002087334],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9974597,0.0002531195,0.000009499672,0.001262676,0.00003719875,0.0003943345,0.000008924955,0.00001908797,0.0005554492],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991229,0.00006002701,0.0003849702,0.00029398,0.000004337419,0.000007785306,0.000004418657,0.000006184338,0.0001154221],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1316862,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7800145,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003008701552290267,"score_gpt":0.1908944636898247,"score_spread":0.1878857621375344,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}