{"id":"W2090336619","doi":"10.1139/b09-035","title":"Top-down and bottom-up forces in mammalian herbivore – vegetation systems: an essay review","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Botany","topic":"Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia","funders":"Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Herbivore; Trophic level; Ecology; Biology; Vegetation (pathology); Predation; Resource (disambiguation); Old field; Structuring; Trophic cascade; Food web","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003232143,0.00009359409,0.0001572753,0.00001922168,0.00009989786,0.00001702318,0.00008079422,0.00005389101,0.00008566087],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004248846,0.00008319064,0.00001720692,0.0001243807,0.00006818226,0.0002474917,0.00002350552,0.00008079335,0.00006989767],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00006738036,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000005747316,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00007524227,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001110808,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992485,0.00008038506,0.0001963713,0.0002153777,0.00009945028,0.0001599037],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997236,0.00003369921,0.00006658326,0.000122634,0.00000632264,0.00004722431],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003766159,0.000240848,0.9485547,0.0008994688,0.00002629288,0.00006277838,0.00369632,0.001117332,0.002154568,0.01467049,0.00219368,0.02634585],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002720642,0.0001247516,0.9914468,0.000331305,0.0000183693,0.00001130364,0.0002000253,0.004256002,0.000008876365,0.001819548,0.001345117,0.0001658427],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9706904,0.01608865,0.00009147603,0.001266224,0.0001332088,0.0003612649,0.000001146923,0.00002787268,0.01133975],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960371,0.001814237,0.0002420173,0.0008460921,0.00001495738,0.00002314623,0.00000210409,0.000003919787,0.001016437],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04289209,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3392416,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.009083709805732773,"score_gpt":0.2500142203883621,"score_spread":0.2409305105826293,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}