{"id":"W2090560791","doi":"10.1073/pnas.1114422109","title":"Phasic D1 and tonic D2 dopamine receptor signaling double dissociate the motivational effects of acute nicotine and chronic nicotine withdrawal","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","topic":"Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors Study","field":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology","cited_by":76,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Centre for Addiction and Mental Health; Western University; University of Toronto","funders":"National Institute on Drug Abuse; Canadian Institutes of Health Research","keywords":"Nicotine; Nicotine withdrawal; Ventral tegmental area; Tonic (physiology); Adenosine A2A receptor; Dopamine; Psychology; Dopaminergic; Dopamine receptor; Pharmacology; Receptor; Neuroscience; Addiction; Medicine; Internal medicine; Adenosine receptor; Agonist","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001136758,0.0001356678,0.000193197,0.00005173103,0.0001916367,0.00001427374,0.0004139573,0.00009366657,0.000007550663],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002677933,0.00008177376,0.00006436705,0.0002624747,0.0008602175,0.00004965378,0.0003160273,0.0001432691,3.060491e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002365611,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00004867949,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000003822605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":1.244033e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986227,0.00001466461,0.0003258439,0.0002390089,0.0005784763,0.0002193544],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990998,0.0001149668,0.0005235256,0.00001666806,0.0001984759,0.00004658529],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003858025,0.00007689394,0.02833305,0.00007448682,0.00009372153,2.297277e-10,0.0001006426,0.000008602407,0.9675854,0.003323938,0.0001807134,0.0001839829],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007936198,0.0001844298,0.017014,0.00007296089,0.0000556193,0.00000633572,0.00006952867,0.00005753198,0.981162,0.0002826112,0.0002111315,0.00009026917],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9964073,0.001752692,0.00000252049,0.001143292,0.00004098564,0.0002926369,0.00001508983,0.000003877263,0.0003416497],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987416,0.0002698168,0.000449381,0.00007089878,0.0002849629,0.00001479059,0.000001727976,0.0000076919,0.0001591813],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01357658,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3334637,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01237654792064511,"score_gpt":0.2831854876447945,"score_spread":0.2708089397241493,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}