{"id":"W2090614815","doi":"10.1144/1467-7873/05-092","title":"Lead concentrations and isotope ratios in the exchangeable fraction: tracing soil contamination near a copper smelter","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Geochemistry Exploration Environment Analysis","topic":"Heavy metals in environment","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University; Geological Survey of Canada; Natural Resources Canada; Institut National de la Recherche Scientifique","funders":"","keywords":"Contamination; Copper; Smelting; Isotope; Fraction (chemistry); Environmental chemistry; Tracing; Environmental science; Lead smelting; Soil contamination; Radiochemistry; Chemistry; Metallurgy; Soil water; Soil science; Materials science; Ecology; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006188257,0.0002390058,0.0002495548,0.00005596119,0.0003613722,0.0001471149,0.0001713242,0.0001202709,0.003027829],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002304218,0.0002139783,0.0001049836,0.0004562119,0.0003021629,0.0007706492,0.000072774,0.0001942923,0.0002386221],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003685041,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000007613441,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000334847,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0005090892,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978731,0.0001841986,0.000482472,0.0005403249,0.0006095589,0.0003103648],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992015,0.00009092144,0.0001937877,0.0004521407,0.000004442976,0.00005720135],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003332859,0.0008040739,0.344897,0.00002474081,0.0001680693,0.00002323158,0.003285587,0.5243216,0.1186642,0.00006608589,0.003411075,0.004300999],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00234264,0.0001441445,0.541024,0.00003687299,0.00151277,0.00002166803,0.007100085,0.2785676,0.1037034,0.001415159,0.06255837,0.00157331],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9586585,0.000125253,0.03409686,0.002218742,0.00002262443,0.0005710801,0.00001279076,0.00002748431,0.004266706],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9963586,0.0001665911,0.001161467,0.0002624695,0.00007619178,0.000440457,0.0003398568,0.00001361154,0.001180752],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.2457541,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9978836,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01373066958392682,"score_gpt":0.2203916654958496,"score_spread":0.2066609959119228,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}