{"id":"W2090682017","doi":"10.1057/gpp.2012.35","title":"The Impact of Health Insurance on Health-care Utilisation and Out-of-Pocket Payments in South Africa","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance Issues and Practice","topic":"Healthcare Systems and Reforms","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":45,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"University of Cape Town; European Commission; International Development Research Centre","keywords":"Payment; Business; Actuarial science; Health care; Cost sharing; Direct Payments; Cover (algebra); Propensity score matching; Health insurance; Public economics; Matching (statistics); Finance; Economic growth; Medicine; Economics; Nursing; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001325611,0.0004060119,0.0004984915,0.001086106,0.0009717229,0.002230215,0.0005954865,0.001056211,0.005909993],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007589543,0.0004673839,0.0009787929,0.003031137,0.001155143,0.002188644,0.002531656,0.001969395,0.0002736549],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004215856,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002891721,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1449298,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1804817,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9982674,0.0005553378,0.00007926399,0.00007971793,0.0001105833,0.000907639],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9954913,0.002010111,0.001452205,0.00007752508,0.0002588207,0.0007100617],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0008288524,0.0003416575,0.9483255,0.0004737292,0.0004436904,0.004337218,0.009240646,0.003886736,0.0009276186,0.01339222,0.001798733,0.01600331],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003921043,0.0001243111,0.9795624,0.0003184648,0.0001945445,0.0004518092,0.01259959,0.002317538,0.0002436781,0.002106267,0.002015265,0.00002683685],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9917198,0.00206817,0.00005371173,0.00319275,0.00001550541,0.00001170391,0.0005134457,0.000002187645,0.002422721],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987269,0.0007616905,0.00001958374,0.00007061773,0.0000107978,0.000005776029,0.00005890313,0.000001736125,0.0003439271],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1449298,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2881724,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06001423279980932,"score_gpt":0.3337526820460349,"score_spread":0.2737384492462255,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}