{"id":"W2091062678","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.01.001","title":"Development of a biotic ligand model to predict the acute toxicity of cadmium to Daphnia pulex","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aquatic Toxicology","topic":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":73,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Biotic Ligand Model; Pulex; Daphnia pulex; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Acute toxicity; Toxicity; Cadmium; Dissolved organic carbon; Bioavailability; Organic matter; EC50; Ecotoxicity; Ligand (biochemistry); Gammarus pulex; Ecotoxicology; Daphnia; Biology; Ecology; Amphipoda; Biochemistry; Pharmacology; Organic chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007684607,0.0002588511,0.0004705382,0.0001143162,0.0002184786,0.000007433038,0.0008175591,0.0003396184,0.001426907],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000220368,0.0002017527,0.00008305259,0.0004360058,0.0006779201,0.00008298409,0.0007830895,0.0003562924,0.0005602335],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000128944,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00008151138,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002635673,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004267439,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977676,0.00009872971,0.0007350037,0.0005073557,0.0003037353,0.0005875631],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9986131,0.0002303757,0.0002321947,0.000627697,0.000007173966,0.0002894447],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009816341,0.0004489991,0.01098901,0.000008607744,0.00006750317,0.000004814489,0.002336875,0.002885738,0.9791428,0.0002518981,0.001382821,0.002382705],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005583229,0.0009862756,0.05417417,0.00001041593,0.00009299741,0.0000413647,0.0001760837,0.005105961,0.934059,0.0009680192,0.003487221,0.0003401166],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9906663,0.000004089477,0.003333141,0.001478061,0.0003440658,0.000949566,0.00001884161,0.00002403314,0.003181913],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9621397,0.00000284087,0.03453419,0.002094285,0.0000261118,0.0001370281,0.000004069027,0.0000222018,0.001039586],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04508382,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994859,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01450562733231399,"score_gpt":0.2508406379913696,"score_spread":0.2363350106590557,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}