{"id":"W2092198121","doi":"10.1016/j.jss.2012.12.051","title":"A survey of software testing practices in Canada","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Systems and Software","topic":"Software Testing and Debugging Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":168,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Calgary","funders":"","keywords":"Software testing; Test (biology); Survey research; Software; Engineering; Computer science; Psychology; Applied psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001349842,0.0001197479,0.0003929638,0.000157857,0.00004843632,0.0001292752,0.0004773212,0.00005004222,0.000002033711],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01138015,0.00009395617,0.00002471042,0.0004303693,0.00002183862,0.0006035301,0.0001085529,0.0002184117,6.81901e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001191104,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001164578,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9302604,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.1654199,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983648,0.0001948367,0.0007088761,0.0001521562,0.0003833287,0.0001959964],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9939373,0.003075397,0.001666303,0.0002547333,0.0009500952,0.0001161762],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000205179,0.00001646426,0.9744677,0.0001109158,0.00001080404,0.00003895886,0.0001284361,0.0001026935,0.000009777504,0.000008198695,0.00356105,0.02154298],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002262893,0.0001554923,0.9914261,0.0009114385,0.000005297481,0.0004271615,0.00005987324,0.005858697,0.00001720224,0.0006879078,0.00007059934,0.0001539886],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8908774,0.004114165,0.1037441,0.0001132414,0.0005673674,0.0002255096,0.000007511494,0.0003291726,0.00002147282],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8934345,0.00001485155,0.1064603,0.00003791907,0.00002966103,0.000004266717,3.215849e-7,0.000007731529,0.00001042039],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.7648406,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9969474,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06050471719038154,"score_gpt":0.2706308278705806,"score_spread":0.2101261106801991,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}