{"id":"W2092345677","doi":"10.5539/elt.v7n1p19","title":"An Investigation of the Difficulties Faced by EFL Undergraduates in Speaking Skills","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"English Language Teaching","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":86,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Psychology; Stratified sampling; Mathematics education; Language proficiency; Sample (material); Public speaking; Public university; English language; Medical education; Pedagogy; Linguistics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001951624,0.000237417,0.000351039,0.001137507,0.001434636,0.001842512,0.0004509001,0.0006094069,0.001655537],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005277918,0.0002775907,0.0001669166,0.0008374833,0.0009313533,0.0008383496,0.001315861,0.0007017195,0.0004278057],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000589536,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001356984,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001623978,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003758674,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987034,0.0004205926,0.0001265097,0.00008910547,0.0003067109,0.0003536428],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9959304,0.0007928318,0.001298259,0.00009579284,0.0007194192,0.001163323],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008959715,0.000807751,0.7662337,0.0001562073,0.00001095673,0.002250049,0.1885276,0.00003666418,0.00459868,0.0002311972,0.0003935562,0.036664],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007815015,0.001039419,0.6112363,0.00006684534,0.00001008448,0.002056136,0.3816245,0.0001163503,0.0008440277,0.0001419074,0.002833987,0.00002258985],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9996495,0.00003960144,0.0000206522,0.00004420431,0.000001684962,0.00000550496,0.000005095608,6.486152e-7,0.0002330651],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9990292,0.0001361764,0.0001027177,0.00006450652,0.000005736139,0.00001183808,0.00001867032,7.662341e-7,0.0006304397],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001951624,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01032126,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00791293654654315,"score_gpt":0.2227575496367318,"score_spread":0.2148446130901887,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}