{"id":"W2092454513","doi":"10.1016/j.aquatox.2008.11.005","title":"The effect of water chemistry on the acute toxicity of nickel to the cladoceran Daphnia pulex and the development of a biotic ligand model","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Aquatic Toxicology","topic":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","field":"Environmental Science","cited_by":106,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University; Natural Resources Canada; McMaster University","funders":"Centre for Ecology and Hydrology; Natural Resources Canada; University of Toronto","keywords":"Biotic Ligand Model; Daphnia pulex; Environmental chemistry; Chemistry; Toxicity; Acute toxicity; Organic matter; Dissolved organic carbon; Daphnia; Pulex; Humic acid; Ligand (biochemistry); Ecology; Biology; Crustacean; Organic chemistry; Biochemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001569849,0.0002283515,0.0004335823,0.00001999627,0.0006430722,0.000005897141,0.0007397056,0.0001889599,0.0002563441],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001822059,0.00008615982,0.0001004945,0.0001492817,0.003231795,0.00003422298,0.000536072,0.0002839471,0.0000721746],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00007932852,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002467799,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001358379,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000239111,"domain_scores_codex":[0.998004,0.0004256421,0.0005833759,0.0003063638,0.0002669122,0.0004136946],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9973996,0.001726836,0.0002242934,0.000578883,0.00000428547,0.00006608836],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001166674,0.0002360112,0.007936804,0.00002919935,0.0002469423,0.000003939414,0.006288759,0.003601412,0.9775298,0.0002123581,0.001037062,0.001711093],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001091848,0.0006795698,0.006545982,0.00001008472,0.00008327331,0.00003751943,0.0001441491,0.003553791,0.9869004,0.0004966786,0.0003350514,0.0001216455],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9928201,0.00004272306,0.0001415385,0.004340881,0.0000677932,0.0009199242,0.000005373125,0.000006324657,0.001655294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9978421,0.00005355228,0.0001950688,0.0007514984,0.00001281993,0.0001387294,0.000001816785,0.00001329029,0.0009910846],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.009370661,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9994808,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00958542196612069,"score_gpt":0.2158413391009508,"score_spread":0.2062559171348301,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}