{"id":"W2092728120","doi":"10.1016/j.aos.2009.10.002","title":"The language of US corporate environmental disclosure","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Accounting Organizations and Society","topic":"Corporate Social Responsibility Reporting","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":820,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"Florida International University","keywords":"Diction; Optimism; Accounting; Tone (literature); Stakeholder; Psychology; Certainty; Sample (material); Empirical research; Thematic analysis; Corporate social responsibility; Business; Social psychology; Public relations; Qualitative research; Political science; Linguistics; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007303535,0.0004146579,0.0003252826,0.00208236,0.003621974,0.01201024,0.001129091,0.003901805,0.005268274],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02148644,0.0003971963,0.0002527324,0.003932646,0.007312422,0.006492427,0.002028588,0.006588736,0.001130834],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004972188,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.004926394,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02045909,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0112264,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9921792,0.004792207,0.0006686822,0.0006268448,0.001253048,0.0004800681],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9869694,0.008318076,0.001317804,0.0007664063,0.002381012,0.0002474376],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000009519059,0.000003887875,0.0001451469,0.00002900682,0.000002008484,0.00003228818,0.002564723,0.00006697376,0.00007916622,0.9655737,0.02617926,0.005314257],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001149701,0.00001885417,0.001368105,0.0004974959,0.00001973429,0.0002280344,0.004354672,0.0009384834,0.0005938897,0.3162368,0.6756936,0.00003881795],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.02564305,0.0180594,0.02765448,0.2802116,0.00777913,0.00006473749,0.001474382,0.0003369517,0.6387763],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8786296,0.009341779,0.01084496,0.03509099,0.006645092,0.0002007407,0.0006690865,0.000378557,0.05819923],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.02045909,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04067999,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007027169086954839,"score_gpt":0.2038415830742018,"score_spread":0.1968144139872469,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}