{"id":"W2093049600","doi":"10.3138/carto.45.3.169","title":"Learning Geographic Information from a Map and Text: Learning Environment and Individual Differences","year":2010,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cartographica The International Journal for Geographic Information and Geovisualization","topic":"Spatial Cognition and Navigation","field":"Engineering","cited_by":13,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Cognitive psychology; Cognition; Spatial ability; Computer science; Psychology; Cognitive style; Cognitive map; Spatial analysis; Artificial intelligence; Cognitive load; Index (typography); Statistics; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006277803,0.0002146846,0.0001545865,0.0007601656,0.0006947247,0.001034303,0.0001730518,0.000169582,0.00005375654],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001462878,0.0001786221,0.00008432547,0.000200777,0.0001939007,0.001981356,0.0000671302,0.0006204913,0.000004767277],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009905092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001378983,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00005237019,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003935988,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985808,0.000054077,0.0005547911,0.0001153463,0.0004943855,0.0002005939],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990265,0.0001840798,0.0002846941,0.00007367308,0.0002959413,0.0001350623],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002017996,0.00003788696,0.397354,0.0001247009,0.0007076414,0.000001263241,0.01090443,0.001905558,0.001137053,0.01119745,0.0003689209,0.5760593],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.003877645,0.0004276732,0.5441421,0.0001691211,0.0002919665,0.0001846753,0.006200975,0.1618675,0.0003086377,0.01369965,0.2679513,0.0008787535],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9774247,0.0003868814,0.01988341,0.0006470113,0.0009930198,0.0003520077,0.0000688935,0.0001381644,0.000105902],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9938446,0.004398956,0.0002935426,0.0003271242,0.0001789975,0.00005377992,0.0008850119,0.00001259724,0.000005360125],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5751805,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9973812,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006467590239004986,"score_gpt":0.21581439406493,"score_spread":0.209346803825925,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}