{"id":"W2093923172","doi":"10.1086/392842","title":"Discussion: Conceptual Foundations of Field Theories in Physics","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Philosophy of Science","topic":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Epistemology; Section (typography); Gauge theory; Field (mathematics); Theoretical physics; Context (archaeology); Argument (complex analysis); Objectivism; Philosophy; Reading (process); Quantum field theory; Physics; Mathematics; Quantum mechanics; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001084227,0.00004924177,0.00009229576,0.00003003045,0.00009192925,0.000007976217,0.000237089,0.000008409538,0.0005138947],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000004789613,0.00003526533,0.00003420396,0.000460649,0.0006789525,0.0001646325,0.00002628749,0.0000486252,0.000009512864],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000004034012,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006452158,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00004024141,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":5.254281e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994622,0.000006673474,0.0001559179,0.0001283122,0.0001497963,0.00009702982],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996538,0.00003738362,0.00005964265,0.0001744882,0.00004627937,0.00002844685],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002417221,0.00007875219,0.0007314885,0.000001849666,0.000001340828,1.820747e-8,0.0004565423,0.00002616773,0.001952135,0.9809596,0.0000052399,0.01578447],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00009644848,0.00003145829,0.0004333751,0.00001921447,0.000002403653,4.142601e-8,0.0002557122,0.0006457862,0.01678013,0.9814799,0.0002071426,0.00004838746],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8537413,0.00001904546,0.01471804,0.003222948,0.00009657956,0.0002437438,0.00006082683,0.00001199358,0.1278855],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9995251,0.000001746418,0.0003085583,0.00002348274,0.00008524313,0.00001067701,0.000002594319,0.000002184432,0.00004039115],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1457838,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5626787,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0231229380918771,"score_gpt":0.2859707477018221,"score_spread":0.262847809609945,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}