{"id":"W2094127952","doi":"10.1016/j.cemconcomp.2009.02.001","title":"Waste glass as a supplementary cementitious material in concrete – Critical review of treatment methods","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Cement and Concrete Composites","topic":"Concrete and Cement Materials Research","field":"Engineering","cited_by":347,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"","keywords":"Cementitious; Pozzolan; Waste management; Aggregate (composite); Renewable energy; Bottle; Renewable resource; Materials science; Cement; Environmental science; Portland cement; Composite material; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000417038,0.0002968755,0.0006011108,0.0001390232,0.00005842395,0.00007425654,0.0001651809,0.00006155221,0.002661617],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00002143917,0.0002772345,0.0000891002,0.0001480428,0.00008882042,0.0001196513,0.00007311957,0.00007868795,0.00001010343],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001333103,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003355028,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001116725,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000003197913,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981872,0.0001901765,0.0006448281,0.0002907771,0.0002295074,0.0004575183],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993544,0.0001437304,0.00004853671,0.0002590814,0.00005960963,0.00013461],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001282134,0.000005293608,0.0001363802,0.001708729,0.0001007017,0.00002640372,0.0001386551,0.000004453157,0.9904898,0.001327741,0.0008488803,0.005084697],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00245261,0.002697462,0.00008676889,0.002574153,0.0002142886,0.00002022098,0.0001996661,0.002885111,0.9637379,0.0002811013,0.02428068,0.0005700388],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9770473,0.01729857,0.0001754939,0.0006887232,0.0003237722,0.0009237697,0.0002206235,0.00007144964,0.003250311],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9632947,0.03295821,0.002472498,0.0005531512,0.000125123,0.0001025512,0.0004113663,0.00002603181,0.00005631841],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02675196,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999968,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02327153276312362,"score_gpt":0.3288576261028059,"score_spread":0.3055860933396823,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}