{"id":"W2094712278","doi":"10.1016/j.ijhcs.2007.01.002","title":"An empirical investigation of a dynamic brake light concept for reduction of rear-end collisions through manipulation of optical looming","year":2007,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Journal of Human-Computer Studies","topic":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","field":"Psychology","cited_by":25,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Looming; Brake; Visibility; Automotive engineering; Headway; Driving simulator; Computer science; Simulation; Psychology; Engineering; Physics; Optics; Cognitive psychology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002806789,0.0004905629,0.0002319541,0.0009967026,0.0008657203,0.001673976,0.00137162,0.0007907716,0.007766954],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01828799,0.000284003,0.0002514739,0.0004991086,0.001954695,0.001911118,0.001010882,0.0008426632,0.0002889927],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009064042,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00143359,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00184517,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002434925,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984922,0.0005820929,0.00006381579,0.0002072678,0.0005136001,0.0001409294],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9862267,0.009788373,0.001494887,0.0007995002,0.001391744,0.0002987485],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.005559149,0.01916431,0.2320639,0.002088745,0.0002314565,0.0009083005,0.0335893,0.007632934,0.1218952,0.1700769,0.001398886,0.4053907],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000785597,0.01501504,0.7230482,0.001000121,0.0006526936,0.002050622,0.06099277,0.07142996,0.04122083,0.06244469,0.02104129,0.0003182161],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.958111,0.0001508246,0.01857396,0.0002488428,0.00001707941,0.0003747491,0.00003924474,0.00003505147,0.02244921],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9932268,0.00006692576,0.005644127,0.0000282375,0.000002804525,0.00006680174,0.00001383845,0.000008069374,0.0009423468],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007766954,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0259831,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.09068501476121041,"score_gpt":0.4740221031705397,"score_spread":0.3833370884093292,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}