{"id":"W2094869627","doi":"10.1038/415309a","title":"Scaling effects in caudal fin propulsion and the speed of ichthyosaurs","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Nature","topic":"Biomimetic flight and propulsion mechanisms","field":"Engineering","cited_by":96,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Royal Ontario Museum","funders":"","keywords":"Kinematics; Propulsion; Fish fin; Fin; Scaling; Fish locomotion; Paleontology; Evolutionary biology; Biology; Fish <Actinopterygii>; Geology; Fishery; Physics; Mathematics; Geometry; Aerospace engineering; Classical mechanics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001581821,0.00008511543,0.0001417284,0.00005807558,0.00002038966,0.000009378757,0.0000792739,0.0005117785,0.00003986466],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000596606,0.00005150444,0.00002810486,0.0001649207,0.00003156457,0.00002843665,0.00001986653,0.0008226268,0.000006851527],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009301145,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000001227997,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000008093368,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000005522209,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999531,0.00003585683,0.0001132619,0.0000862178,0.0001197759,0.0001139119],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997436,0.00009724312,0.00001691129,0.000107161,0.00001117299,0.00002384727],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004954416,0.0001992078,0.001532829,0.002667602,0.0001474697,0.0001220502,0.01184165,0.001648539,0.5061603,0.02156553,0.02331841,0.430301],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.009074095,0.0001678849,0.005053172,0.0006874674,0.00008175701,0.00004052947,0.0001534253,0.3048311,0.6539581,0.01925417,0.006071243,0.0006270458],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9839792,0.01286778,0.00007834554,0.0008689716,0.0005677138,0.0003343378,0.000002463223,0.00005138735,0.001249857],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9986565,0.0001325468,0.000934531,0.00008615825,0.00004465898,0.000003058364,0.000001225996,0.00001136681,0.0001299402],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4296739,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3947304,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.004543153612286419,"score_gpt":0.1912586738566336,"score_spread":0.1867155202443472,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}