{"id":"W2094874816","doi":"10.1145/860435.860534","title":"Passage retrieval vs. document retrieval for factoid question answering","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo","funders":"","keywords":"Question answering; Information retrieval; Computer science; Document retrieval; Natural language processing; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008408685,0.0001712009,0.0001679381,0.0001061237,0.0001449742,0.0003079485,0.0005798264,0.0001189127,0.00002413834],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0004905092,0.0001440308,0.00007611568,0.0003887112,0.00002618372,0.0008116917,0.0001042521,0.0001679963,0.00000996152],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001346392,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00007188726,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00001177915,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000002519339,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985614,0.00007042229,0.0002525289,0.0004407378,0.0003267525,0.0003481336],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.999104,0.0001087202,0.00009831501,0.0004494764,0.0001488709,0.00009066179],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00009308168,0.00005234549,0.0001059588,0.00008063154,0.00001840859,0.00001769541,0.0003183562,0.000005656016,0.03556773,0.9392934,0.002027079,0.02241966],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003316055,0.0002153786,0.00002765714,0.00004210736,0.000006062773,0.00002302783,0.00001211694,0.001501071,0.8417428,0.1413463,0.01445105,0.0003008535],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.002673772,0.000525619,0.9922845,0.0007348296,0.000337708,0.0003733983,0.000001521406,0.001121804,0.001946822],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3605783,0.00001494269,0.6377171,0.0003227014,0.00003750132,0.000006843935,0.000002832241,0.0000123562,0.001307352],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8061751,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5873408,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01228187627974468,"score_gpt":0.2841401935360828,"score_spread":0.2718583172563381,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}